Thoroughly explain Frederick Winslow Taylor's theory of scientific management and describe the Hawthorne studies and their significance to management

The theory by frederick winslow emphasizes efficiency which is also called classical management theory. According to Frederick Taylor the employees should be rewarded for increased productivity rather than scolding them for every minor mistakes. The four prinicples on which the theory is based is as follows:

1. Breaking down the assignment into subtasks:The manager or higher authority should beak down the entire tasks into chunks and divide them among the team instead of assigning an entire project work to a person,this will make the process more organized and different people taking care of their own part.
2. Delegate responsibilities and train workers: Delegating the tasks based on the suitability of skillset of employees and providing them the required training helps in increased work efficiency.
3. Monitor performance: The supervisors should check the performance of the employees and reward them accordingly. If a task is too mundane than they should be rewarded higher as in that case motivation is maintained. Also if during the work if it is discovered that a better way has been found out to do a particular task, then people should be re-trained based on that method.
4. Allocate work between managers and employees: Frederick belived in a hierarchy of three levels with the most powerful workers occupying the top spot, all the levels be given the same responsibilties, people respecting that and doing jobs accordingly.

Hawthrone studies

The study when was conducted showed that people's work performance depends very highly on social issues and job satisfaction and to its surprise it also came to a conclusion that monetory incentives and good working conditions are generally less important for improving employee productivity rather than meeting indiviual's need.

It is significant to mangement because by knowing the factors by which employess remain happy in their job and how their performance can be improved mangers can learn from the results of the study and pick out those factors and implement in their organizations for a great output and well being of their employess.