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TRUE/FALSE: Know whether the following statements are true or false The concept of the nation has a psychological and emotional basis rather than a legal or functional basis

Sociology

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TRUE/FALSE: Know whether the following statements are true or false The concept of the nation has a psychological and emotional basis rather than a legal or functional basis. Nations and states are essentially the same thing. All states pursue the goals of security, stability, and prosperity, yet no state can fully achieve its desired level on each of these major goals. Democracy has always had positive connotations. Right-wing totalitarianism tends to have a racist, anti-Semitic component. Both totalitarian states and authoritarian states seek to control all aspects of life. The legal relationship (de jure) between houses in a legislature is always the same as the relationship in practice (de facto). Most monarchs in hereditary monarchies today still play active roles in governing. Generally speaking, presidents are directly elected by the people, while prime ministers are selected by the majority party in the legislature. Executive power is dominant in nondemocratic systems, but in many instances, the individual who serves as the executive is more of a national leader than a true executive. Administration is the implementation of public policy, and while it differs from country to country, it is typically done through making regulations and spending money. Most American bureaucrats have their jobs based on patronage rather than merit. While many bureaucracies have the positive quality of efficiency, many suffer from the problems of rigidity and resistance to change. The American and British legal systems rely primarily on code law, while European court systems rely primarily case on law. MULTIPLE CHOICE Definition of nation Definition of state Characteristics of states Functions of the state Distinctions between presidential and parliamentary systems Distinctions between unitary and federal systems Facts about laissez-faire systems (liberalism), welfare states (social democracy), mercantilism (statism), and communism (socialism) Facts about democracy, including its definition, positive versus negative connotations, different types of democracy and their characteristics, and the fundamental principles of democracy Characteristics of totalitarian states Characteristics of authoritarian states Definition of constitutions Facts about constitutions Functions of constitutions Definition of constitutionalism Distinction between unicameral and bicameral legislatures Reasons why states have the type of legislature they have Functions of legislatures Order of the process in which a bill becomes law Distinctions between descriptive and substantive representation Distinctions between delegate and trustee models of representation Executive roles Functions of executives Facts about executive terms Facts about the approaches to executive leadership Facts about executive power Definition of bureaucracies Weber’s characteristics of bureaucracy Functions of bureaucracies Distinctions between patronage and the merit system Facts about the growth of bureaucracy Know the types of law and what each consists of Facts about the concept of justice Facts about the adversarial and inquisitorial systems of justice Facts about court structure generally and in the US Functions of judiciaries Definition of judicial review Distinctions between judicial restraint and judicial activism Areas in which the US Supreme Court has had a policy impact Distinctions between the legal model and attitudinal model of judicial decision making TRUE/FALSE: Know whether the following statements are true or false The concept of the nation has a psychological and emotional basis rather than a legal or functional basis. Nations and states are essentially the same thing. All states pursue the goals of security, stability, and prosperity, yet no state can fully achieve its desired level on each of these major goals. Democracy has always had positive connotations. Right-wing totalitarianism tends to have a racist, anti-Semitic component. Both totalitarian states and authoritarian states seek to control all aspects of life. The legal relationship (de jure) between houses in a legislature is always the same as the relationship in practice (de facto). Most monarchs in hereditary monarchies today still play active roles in governing. Generally speaking, presidents are directly elected by the people, while prime ministers are selected by the majority party in the legislature. Executive power is dominant in nondemocratic systems, but in many instances, the individual who serves as the executive is more of a national leader than a true executive. Administration is the implementation of public policy, and while it differs from country to country, it is typically done through making regulations and spending money. Most American bureaucrats have their jobs based on patronage rather than merit. While many bureaucracies have the positive quality of efficiency, many suffer from the problems of rigidity and resistance to change. The American and British legal systems rely primarily on code law, while European court systems rely primarily case on law.