1) What random data is used as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes a password or passphrase? It is used to defend against dictionary attacks vs a list of password hashes

1) What random data is used as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes a password or passphrase? It is used to defend against dictionary attacks vs a list of password hashes. It is also used against pre-computed rainbow table attacks


2) Fill in the blank:
On linux machine, ___ has user info needed for login, while ____ has users' passwords encrypted


3) What algorithm is used to establish a shared secret between two parties. It is used mostly as a method of exchanging cryptography keys for use in symmetric encryption algorithms like AES.