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Evaluate the following research designs with respect to methods used and the control provided

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Evaluate the following research designs with respect to methods used and the control provided. Make suggestions for improvements if needed.

a. A researcher wanted to ascertain if homogeneous grouping improves learning in a fi rst course in biology. The researcher designated one of two high schools in a small city to serve as the experimental school and the other as the control. Both schools had approximately the same number of students in each of four sections of science. In the experimental school, pupils were grouped homogeneously on the basis of aptitude and scores on achievement tests in science. In the control school, pupils were placed in sections at random. At the end of the year, all pupils were given a standardized test in biology. Statistical tests showed the experimental group to be superior on the test. The researcher concluded that homogeneous grouping results in greater learning in biology.

b. A history teacher was concerned about her students’ lack of knowledge of their state and national governments and of current events. She decided to experiment with some new materials and methods to determine if she could obtain improvement. In classes A and B, she introduced the new materials and methods. In classes C and D, she used the traditional methods. Classes A and B were administered both the pretest and the posttest; classes C and D were administered only the posttest. When comparisons were made on the posttest, classes A and B were found to be superior. Their superior performance was attributed to the new materials and methods.

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