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To answer most evaluation questions, data will be gathered from the entire population because the population of interest is relatively small, and external validity—or generalizability—beyond the group of interest is not a priority

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To answer most evaluation questions, data will be gathered from the entire population because the population of interest is relatively small, and external validity—or generalizability—beyond the group of interest is not a priority. Methods of random sampling can be used when the group is large and generalizability is important. Purposive sampling is useful when the evaluation can benefit from information from a particular, identified subgroup to learn more about that group. Purposive sampling is often used in conducting intensive interviews and in case studies.