The factors that influence the macro-environment are economic factors, demographic forces, technological factors, natural and physical forces, political and legal forces, and social and cultural forces.

1. Economic factor : Consumer behaviour is influenced largely by economic factors. Economic factors that influence consumer buying behaviour are a) Personal Income, b) Family income, c) Income expectations, d) Savings, e) Liquid assets of the Consumer, f) Consumer credit, g) Other economic factors.

Trends in gross national product and real income growth

Trends of consumer savings and how consumers like to hold their savings, ie. either in the form of bank account, investments in bonds and securities, purchase of real estate, insurance policies, or any other assets

Expenditure factors and trends, in the case of electronic car, they are different in nature. so the consumers behaviour is changed.

Borrowing pattern, trends and governmental and legal restrictions is another important factors. The trends and government regulations are changed in different situation. The purchasing decision is depends that regulations.

Major economic variables, eg, cost of living, interest rates, repayment terms, disposable income, etc.

These factors determine the consumer buying behaviuor, along with savings and credit availability.

2. Technical factors : Technology is shaping the destiny of the people. Their are so many factors incluence the technology of buying electric car.

1. Social Media
The meaning of social networking websites and what they serve has changed dynamically. It has come a long way from being a place for just socializing and entertainment to being a severe marketing and selling platform.

Businesses, from MSMEs to larger companies, need to keep an eagle eye on these platforms and use these to form a better bridge between their services and customer. So the customers are analysing each specification.

A long way of discussing how social media and search influence the customer’s decision journey.

2. Online Opinions: From negative feedback to brand loyalty
Discussion forums like Quora, WikiAnswers, StackExchange, Facebook Questions, Reddit, Twitter, Instagram and even LinkedIn Answers (oriented around professionals) are helpful in gauging your audience’s views.

A negative response needs to be addressed and elucidated immediately. Just making a feedback forum and watching over your user base won’t solve anything.

3.Social - cultural environment

The social values and culture of an environment plays a huge role in the buying behaviuor. Socio-cultural factors made up of cultural, economic, and instrumental variables are key factors affecting consumer buying behaviour, it is therefore concluded that socio-cultural factors, either acting independently or in conjunction with other personal or demographic factors have significant influences at each stage.

Status (Upper Class, Middle class and Lower Class)
People from upper class generally have a tendency to spend on luxurious car.You would hardly find an individual from a lower class spending money on high-end products. A person who finds it difficult to make ends meet would rather prefer spending on items necessary for survival.

Gender (Male/Female) : They are different in each case. their taste and preference is different.

Cultural Factors : Cultural factors comprise of set of values and ideologies of a particular community or group of individuals. It is the culture of an individual which decides the way he/she behaves. In simpler words, culture is nothing but values of an individual. What an individual learns from his parents and relatives as a child becomes his culture.

Subcultures : Each culture further comprises of various subcultures such as religion, age, geographical location, gender (male/female), status etc.

 

2.Consumer buying decision process

Consumers go through a set of sequential steps while buying a product. A buying process is the sequence of steps that a consumer takes while making a purchasing decision. A normal consumer purchase includes the recognition of needs and wants. Next comes the information search, followed by an evaluation of all the choices. Finally the purchase happens, and post-purchase evaluation follows a purchase.

1. Identify the Problem
This is the first stage of the buying process. A consumer will not initiate a purchase without the recognition of the needs or wants. When a consumer feels the need to buy a particular product, he will go for a purchase decision. There is an unmet need or there is a problem which can be solved by buying a particular product. Needs arise as there is a problem. Define the needs and wats of electrical car

2. Information search
At this stage, the consumer is aware of his need or want. He also knows that he wants to buy car that can relive his problem. Therefore, he wants to know more about the car that can relive of his problem. This leads to the information search stage.

The consumer will try to find out the options available and the best solution for his problem. The buyer will look for information in internal and external business environments. A consumer may look into advertisements, print, videos, online and even might ask his friends and family.

3. Evaluation of Alternatives
By now the consumer has done enough research about the kind of car that can solve his problem. The next step is to evaluate alternative car that can solve his problem. Various points of information gathered from different sources are used in evaluating alternatives.

Generally, consumers evaluate the alternatives based on a number of attributes of the car. Looks, durability, quality, price, service, popularity, brand, social media reviews are some to the factors that consumers consider.

4. Purchase Decision/Purchase
At this point, customers have already explored multiple options. They are aware of the pricing and payment options available. Here, consumers are deciding whether to buy that car or not. Yes, even at this stage they can still drop the purchase and walk away.

5. Post-Purchase Evaluation
This is the last stage and most often ignored by marketers.

After buying the product, customers compare car with their expectations. There can be two outcomes: Either satisfied or dissatisfied. Consumers will be happy after buying the product if it has satisfied their needs. But in case the product was not up to his expectations, the consumer will be dissatisfied.