1)Answer - Government payments for welfare programs.

Explaination -

While calculating GDP by way of expenditure method, consumption expenditure, investment expenditures, government expenditures and net exports are taken into consideration.

Government expenditures includes expenditures by federal or state governments for public goods and services on areas like healthcare, defence, education etc. This expenditure by government in calculating GDP doesn't takes into consideration, the spendings made by government on welfare programs like pension plans, retirement benefits, and other such social security benefits.

This is because it's just transfer of money and not actual expenditure, it will be considered in GDP when the people who recieves it, actually spends on goods and services by way of consumption expenditure.

2)annual inflation rate in year 2020

=(consumer price index in 2020/consumer price index in 2019)-1

=(132/112)-1

=18%

=18 percent