Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaur; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in 44 B

1. Julius Caesar

Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaur; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in 44 B.C.E. by conservative senators

2. Augustus Caesar

63 B.C.E.—14 B.C.E.; name given to Octavian following his defeat with Mark Antony & Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome.

3. Constantine

Roman emperor; established 2nd capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually

4. Polis

city-state form of government; typical of Greek political organization

5. Direct Democracy

the major decisions of the state were made by general assemblies in which all citizens could participate—although usually only a minority attended

6. The Senate

assembly of Roman aristocrat; advised on policy within the republic; one of the early element of the Roman constitution

7. Aristotle

Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world

8. Socrates

Athenian philosopher of later 5th century B.C.E.; tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection of moral decisions; condemned to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young

9. Iliad

Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but possibly the work of many authors; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos

10. Odyssey

18. Odyssey: Greek epic poem attribute to Homer but possibly the work of many authors; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos