1. what 2 disease states/conditions are associated with disequilibrium dizziness?

parkinson's disease, DM neuropathy

2. what 2 disease states/conditions are associated with light-headedness dizziness?

COPD, hypoxia

3. define syncope

transient loss of consciousness almost always associated with falls; associated with central hypoperfusion

4. what 5 disease states/conditions are associated with syncope?

seizures, TIA, metabolic disorders (hypoglycemia), intoxication, orthostatic hypotension

5. define orthostatic hypotension

symptomatic decline in BP after standing;
reduction in BP by >/= 20 mmHg systolic, >/= 10 mmHg diastolic within 3 minutes of standing

6. 4 pathophysiologies of orthostatic hypotension

blunted baroreceptor reflex in the elderly, autonomic failure, volume depletion, reflex syncope

7. what is the normal physiology that prevents orthostatic hypotension?

pooling of 500-1000 mL of blood in the lower extremities upon standing; this decr BP and CO; CNS responds with increasing sympathetic and decreasing parasympathetic stimulation

8. what are the common symptoms of orthostatic hypotension?

weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, possible syncope

9. what are the diagnostic criteria for orthostatic hypotension

change in 20 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing

10. by 2025, the incidence rate of osteoporosis is expected to: increase, decrease, by what %?

increase by 50%