showing only 10% of energy flows to the next level the tendency for toxic substances to increase in concentration at progressively higher levels of the food chain energy flow is one way nutrients are cyclic a directional, cumulative change in the species that occupy a given area through time starts from barren ground, e

1. Energy Pyramid

showing only 10% of energy flows to the next level

2. Biological Magnification

the tendency for toxic substances to increase in concentration at progressively higher levels of the food chain

3. Energy vs. Nutrients

energy flow is one way
nutrients are cyclic

4. Ecological Succession

a directional, cumulative change in the species that occupy a given area through time

5. Primary Succession

starts from barren ground, e.g. new islands or de-glaciated areas

6. Secondary Succession

starts from disturbed areas, e.g. abandoned farm land or storm ravaged land

7. Pioneer Community

first organisms to occupy an area

8. Transitional Communities

may come and go

9. Climax Community

a stable, self-perpetuating array of species in equilibrium with one another and their habitat

10. Biodiversity

the number of different species within an area