What is hyperglycemia? What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia? What is diabetic ketoacidosis? What is the effect of a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state? (HHS) What are the chronic complications of Diabetes Mellitus? What are the macrovascular complications of diabetes m? What are the microvascular complications? Why does blindness occur in the diabetic? what can peripheral neuropathy lead to? Why is there sexual dysfunction in the diabetic?

1. What is hyperglycemia?

blood glucose levels above 200 mg/ml, causes protein glycosylation (HbA1c > 8%)

2. What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?

excessive urination, thrist, fatigue, nervousness, poor wound healing, dry, itchy skin

3. What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

body makes acetone and other ketones in the absence of glucose, leading to an increased blood acid

What is the effect of a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state? (HHS)

4. can lead to coma, body retains glucose increasing osmolarity of blood (with or without ketosis)
5. What are the chronic complications of Diabetes Mellitus?

macrovascular and microvascular complications

6. What are the macrovascular complications of diabetes m?

vascular disease, including MI and stroke

7. What are the microvascular complications?

blindnes peripheral neuropathy, renal failure and sexual dysfunction

8. Why does blindness occur in the diabetic?

from cataracts, gluacoma, or retinopathy

9. what can peripheral neuropathy lead to?

amputations from infections gangrene and foot ulvers

10. Why is there sexual dysfunction in the diabetic?

from damage to the autonomic nerves (neuropathy)