economy

 economy. More recently, Du Toit et al. (2015: $1-53) show that the general trend has been "towards fewer and bigger" bargaining councils and with a greater concentration on the public sector, which now seems to dominate the South African statutory centralised collective bargaining scene. In addition, as already explained, the trend has been towards greater levels, and more violent forms, of strike action, It has also been accompanied by elements of non. union initiated industrial action, as well as signals of inter-union rivalry and disre- gard of the law. Samuel (2013: 239) explains as follows The propensity for workers in South Africa to undertake unprocedural industrial action has assumed a worrisome dimension in recent years, The emerging evidence suggests a radical departure by workers from the estab- lished collective bargaining and labour dispute resolution procedures stipulated by the Labour Relations Act 65 of 1995. The current trend is for workers to disre- gard requirements of the labour legislation, and to breach provisions of existing collective agreements duly executed by elected labour union officials by embarking on wildcat strike actions. in the process employing violence, arson, intimidation and threats in order to force employers to accede to their demands. These uncon- ventional collective bargaining and dispute resolution mechanisms invented" by workers portend grave danger for a peaceful and harmonious industrial relations practice in the country