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Homework answers / question archive / Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? Research proposal presentation template   Title: (Give your proposed project a title)   Background: This section should identify the ‘problem’ your research addresses, the rationale for your research, and where this fits into the existing body of research (gap) – in this vein it should provide an overview of the key points of your literature review

Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? Research proposal presentation template   Title: (Give your proposed project a title)   Background: This section should identify the ‘problem’ your research addresses, the rationale for your research, and where this fits into the existing body of research (gap) – in this vein it should provide an overview of the key points of your literature review

Nursing

Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency?

Research proposal presentation template

 

  1. Title: (Give your proposed project a title)

 

  1. Background: This section should identify the ‘problem’ your research addresses, the rationale for your research, and where this fits into the existing body of research (gap) – in this vein it should provide an overview of the key points of your literature review.

 

  1. Research question & Aims: (State your research question in a sentence)

 

  1. Methodological paradigm: (Identify your methodological paradigm and discuss – with reference to the literature - how this has shaped the development of your research question and project design)

 

 

  1. Method

(Detail the steps of your method –document analysis/ interviews / surveys/ observation etc. – and justify these decisions with direct reference to your research question and aims. Discuss, with reference to methods texts, the strengths and limitations of your method and explain how you came to choose this method over others. This discussion must be couched in reference to methods texts. If you are claiming that your method is appropriate, you need evidence to support that claim

This section should be detailed enough that someone could use this to do your research project. You need to ensure that all decisions are fully justified.  

 

  1. Participants / Cases

(Who or what are you recruiting? [i.e. document criteria, gender, age, other relevant info]

If you are researching people, who are they? How will you get access to them? Do you need to collaborate with an organisation – how will you be able to do that?

If you are using documents or other sources of data, how will you select which ones to ensure reliable and valid data? Do you have access to these?

What sort of sampling technique will you use to select participants and/or cases?

Why are you selecting this sampling technique? Is it any good? Who says?)

 

Recruitment (n/a for those not involving participants)

(How will you recruit participants? How will you get access? How will you approach them? Will you advertise online? Ask an organisation to help? Will you have posters or emails? What if this method of recruitment fails?)

 

Challenges & Limitations

What challenges are you likely to face in executing this methodology?

 

  1. Analysis

(How do you plan to make sense of your data? Will it be qualitative material? How will you code it? Is it quantitative information? How will you make sense of it? Tell me why these methods of analysis are appropriate and reliable.)

 

  1. Ethics

(What are the ethical issues in your project? Below are some questions that may be applicable to you

            How will you obtain informed consent?

            Will you material be anonymous or confidential?

            How will you reduce potential legal risks?

How will you reduce potential emotional/psychological risks to participants?

            How will you reduce physical risks to participants?

            How will you reduce political risks to participants?

            How will you reduce all of these risks to the researcher?

            How will I ensure consent of third-party information?

How will I know if participants consented to their transcripts being used for another study?

            What do you have in place to manage a crisis that may arise in the field?

            What are there ethical issues that arise in the use of secondary data?

 

  1. Timeline

(Provide a proposed timeline for your proposed project.)

 

References 

Make sure that you have cited at least 10 texts in support of your method + literature in your background section.  Bring a hard copy of the reference list and give it to your tutor before your presentation.

  1. Issue:

Whether the use of interpreter in Australian hospitals can effectively improve the medical treatment for the emigrant families in Australia.

 

  1. Background:

As the largest emigrant country, Australia has a higher proportion of immigrants than New Zealand and even America. Actually, in 2012 the Australian Bureau Statistics shows that approximate 27% of the population in Australia were born overseas (Tam, 2012).  Among these immigrants, many of them are not competent English speaker and the English proficiency of them is fairly low. In this case, they are encountering massive difficulties, especially on medical treatment, which is a crucial part of their daily lives. Despite that these are articles discussing about the influences of English proficiency on immigrants' incomes, living standards and so on, its impact on medical treatment still remains undiscovered.

 

  1. Rationale:

This issue arouses my interest in terms of an inevitable social problem for the immigrants to come through now and in future. The key point is not restricted to whether the interpreter can improve the medical treatment of the immigrants, but also about to what extent the English proficiency can impact the level of medication for the immigrants.

 

According to my literature review, there are some relevant research which are mostly based on American context. According to a survey conveyed in the early 20s, 47 million people in the US speak a language other than English, and most of them announce that their English level is below  "very well"(Karliner, Jacobs, Chen and Mutha, 2007). Consequently, it is well established that the language barriers are very likely to result in health disparities for less proficient English speakers, who will have less access to a standard source of care and less physician visits (Fox and Stein, 1991). In addition, language barriers may contribute to medical errors by impeding communications between patients and providers, especially for those immigrant children and children of immigrant parents (Cohen, Rivara, Marcuse, McPhillips and Robert, 2013). At last, even if the interpreters are applied for use, there are still methodology limitations. In general, the prior training for interpreters are not specific enough. For instance, sometimes the full-time interpreters will use third person in interpreting, while the remote-simultaneous interpreters who receive short-term training will use first person in interpreting. This unsystematic situation may lead to confusion and potential medical errors (Flores, 2010).

 

Australia as one of the largest emigrant country, is also gathering data implicating language considerations in preventable medical adverse events these years. For example, the state of Victoria has been capturing ethnic data for incidents involving non-English-speaking patients who underwent wrong site procedures (Johnstone and Kanitsaki, 2006). Moreover, there are local researches being carried out on this issue. Most of them roughly indicate that immigrants with good language ability enable themselves to have opportunities of getting access to better health care, in contrast to those with limited English proficiency (Tam, 2012).

 

In fact, The novel approach of combining age of arrival and country of origin as an instrument immigrants' English proficiency has been widely used in western countries recently to deeply investigate the interval connections. Nevertheless, it has never been used in Australian context (Tam, 2012).  Despite the fact that Australia and America do have some similarities on this issue, they still have numerous differences on immigration policy, multiculturalism policy and medical conditions. First of all, the composition of immigrants differs a lot, with a large proportion of Indian (5.6%) and Chinese (6.3%) immigrants in Australia whereas Mexicans being the main part in America (23.7%). Besides, the immigration policies in these two countries are highly different. In Australia, the most recent policy implementations since 1995 are not as relevant as the policy that preceded it. This is because 80% of the immigrants arrived before 1980 and few after 1995. However, in the US, half of the immigrants arrived during the recent 30 years and the policy varied one year to another (Tam, 2012).  At last, The American immigration system is in favorable of employability, as well as reuniting families. The US only has about 20% of their visa for skilled migrants. On the other hand, Australia is focusing on selecting the applicants with capable labor market skills, which includes the requirement of language proficiency (ABS, 2011).   As a result, similar studies on the link between an immigrant's language skills and health related outcomes are hard to be firmly established in Australia.

 

As mentioned above, the reason I propose this issue is that a large scale of existing and potential health care problems are taking place in Australia similarly like in the US caused by limited English proficiency, whereas with insufficient studies being carried out. Simple data collections are not able to cope with the practical matters, and it is essential to investigate and analyze the sources specifically in Australia based on what has been done in America. Also, the differences on immigration policies and medical conditions should be taken into consideration to distinguish what method is applicable and how the interpreters can improve this situation.

References:

 

1. ABS 2011. Migration, Australia, 2009-2010. Canberra: ABS.

 

2. Fox, S. A., and J. A. Stein. 1991. ‘‘The Effect of Physician–Patient Communication

on Mammography Utilization by Different Ethnic Groups.’’ Medical Care 11:

1065–82.

 

3. Tam, K.W., 2012. Labour, social and health outcomes of immigrants in Australia: effects of language proficiency using the IV approach.

 

4. Karliner, L.S., Jacobs, E.A., Chen, A.H. and Mutha, S., 2007. Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? A systematic review of the literature. Health services research, 42(2), pp.727-754.

 

5. Cohen, A.L., Rivara, F., Marcuse, E.K., McPhillips, H. and Davis, R., 2005. Are language barriers associated with serious medical events in hospitalized pediatric patients?. Pediatrics, 116(3), pp.575-579.

6. Johnstone, M.J. and Kanitsaki, O., 2006. Culture, language, and patient safety: making the link. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 18(5), pp.383-388.

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