Homework answers / question archive / 1) 1) Which age group will likely have the largest number of cases? Why? 2) Most of the children who are infected with this virus require hospitalization and ventilator support for 5– 7 days

1) 1) Which age group will likely have the largest number of cases? Why? 2) Most of the children who are infected with this virus require hospitalization and ventilator support for 5– 7 days

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1) 1) Which age group will likely have the largest number of cases? Why? 2) Most of the children who are infected with this virus require hospitalization and ventilator support for 5– 7 days. Your region currently has 167 pediatric-compatible ventilators. Does this concern you at all? Why?

2) 1) What is the RR of developing MDR TB? 2) Interpret the RR in plain English. 3) Say that the 95% CL was 0.12–0.45. Is this result significant?

3) Instead of randomly assigning the groups into those who receive DOT and those who do not, the researcher identified a group that received DOT and a group that did not and observed the two groups for a period of 10 years to see who developed MDR TB. What type of epidemiologic or observational study design is this study?

4) 1) Is petting the lizard, lunch from home, or lunch from the zoo the likely source of the contamination? Explain your answer. 2) If petting the lizard is the source of the contamination, how do you explain student number 7?

5) 1) What is the attack rate associated with petting the lizard? 2) What is the attack rate associated with bringing lunch from home? 3) What is the attack rate associated with buying lunch at the zoo?

6) 1) Interpret the RR for television. Is it significant? 2) hich exposure was most effective in decreasing the risk of falling asleep 2 hours later? 3) Offer a reasonable explanation for the data in the table.

7) A study reports that children who have breakfast are more likely to pass the fourth-grade math competency (RR = 1.39, 95% CL = 1.30–1.49). Because the 95% confidence limits do not include an RR of 1, your know that these results are:

8) 1) If the study has an alpha of 0.05, which variables are associated with the length of labor? Which are associated with a decreased length of labor? Which are associated with an increased length of labor? 2) Note that when the p-value is significant, the RR confidence intervals do not include the value of one. Why?

9) Suppose you originally measured this variable as a yes-or-no response to the question, “Did you feel as though you had a very long labor?” What level of measurement was it? Was it a quantitative or qualitative question?

10) The researchers report that ethnicity was not measured in this study but has been reported to be significant in other similar studies. If the study were repeated and ethnicity was included, and if none of the independent variables was then significant, we would know the original study that reported FBS was significantly related to HbA1c had made what type of error?

11) 1) From this equation you know that an increase of 1 unit in FBS is associated with what change in HbA1c? 2) The researchers also examined the independent variable of gender but did not include this variable in the final regression equation. Why do you think gender was not included in the final regression model?

12) 1) Using this prediction equation, if a 15-year-old scored 70 on his academic knowledge exam, what would you predict he would score on his health knowledge exam? 2) Show this frequency distribution graphically.

13) 1) Does this model explain more or less of the variance in the health knowledge score? Is this a large change? Does that make sense? 2) In which model is the predicted outcome more accurate?

14) 1) What type of sample is this? 2) A researcher working with military officers would like to use the data he has collected from them to predict their health knowledge score based on this research. Would this be an appropriate application of this prediction equation? Why or why not?

15) If these researchers had already established that a causative relationship existed between these variables and asked you for a statistics consultation, what would you tell them is the appropriate regression technique to apply? Explain your answer.

16) 1) What type of sampling method is this? Is it probability or nonprobability sampling? 2) Why might these researchers have chosen to exclude those admitted with a hip fracture who are younger than 60?

17) The researchers indicate that significant positive correlations were found between heart rate and noise levels in patients’ rooms, communicating with staff and between patients and their families and during all nursing activities. They explain that direct care may be a confounding factor for this finding. Explain what this means in your own words.

18) The sample was found to reflect the same gender and age distribution of the population of inpatient nurses within this facility. What does this mean about the representativeness of the sample for this facility? Of a national population of nurses from all inpatient facilities? How does this affect the generalizability of the study results?

19) In the statistical analysis and results section, the authors report that the noise level in the three units was compared. Because they were comparing three groups, what statistical test was utilized, and where were significant differences found? The researchers later offer an explanation for why this may be the case.

20) 1) In addition to the noise-level measurement, the observer log recorded what information about the noise? What level of measurement was this additional information? 2) What does this study tell you about the noise level on the weekend? Based on this study, would you be more or less concerned about noise levels on the weekend?

21) 1) How was noise level measured? What level of measurement is this variable? 2) How was heart rate measured? What level of measurement is this variable? 3) How was stress measured? What level of measurement is this variable?

22) 1) Why does the noise level in the workplace matter? 2) The sample included nurses from what units? 3) What nurses from these units were not included in the study?